# How to Create Custom Templates

This guide shows you how to override default templates with your own custom designs.

## Overview

FolderWeb uses a template fallback system:
1. Check `/custom/templates/` for custom version
2. Fall back to `/app/default/templates/` if not found

**Important**: Never modify files in `/app/default/` — always create custom versions in `/custom/`.

## Available Templates

- **base.php** - HTML wrapper (header, navigation, footer)
- **page.php** - Single page/article wrapper
- **list.php** - Simple list view (default)
- **list-grid.php** - Grid layout with images
- **list-card-grid.php** - Card grid (supports PDFs, external links)
- **list-faq.php** - Expandable FAQ/Q&A format

## Customizing the Base Template

The base template controls your entire site layout.

### Step 1: Copy the Default

```bash
mkdir -p custom/templates
cp app/default/templates/base.php custom/templates/base.php
```

### Step 2: Edit Your Copy

The base template has access to these variables:

```php
$content          // The rendered page content (HTML)
$currentLang      // Current language code (e.g., "en", "no")
$navigation       // Array of navigation items
$homeLabel        // Site title
$translations     // Translation strings
$pageTitle        // Current page title
$dirName          // Parent directory name (for CSS classes)
$pageName         // Current page name (for CSS classes)
```

### Example: Add a Custom Header

```php
<header class="site-header">
    <div class="contain">
        <a href="<?= $ctx->langPrefix ?>/" class="logo">
            <img src="/custom/assets/logo.svg" alt="<?= $homeLabel ?>">
        </a>
        <nav>
            <ul>
                <?php foreach ($navigation as $item): ?>
                    <li>
                        <a href="<?= $item['url'] ?>"><?= htmlspecialchars($item['title']) ?></a>
                    </li>
                <?php endforeach; ?>
            </ul>
        </nav>
    </div>
</header>
```

## Customizing the Page Template

The page template wraps individual articles and pages.

### Step 1: Copy the Default

```bash
cp app/default/templates/page.php custom/templates/page.php
```

### Step 2: Customize

Available variables:

```php
$content          // Main content HTML
$pageMetadata     // Array of metadata (tags, categories, etc.)
$translations     // Translation strings
```

### Example: Add Author Information

```php
<article>
    <?php if (isset($pageMetadata['author'])): ?>
        <div class="author-info">
            <p>Written by <?= htmlspecialchars($pageMetadata['author']) ?></p>
        </div>
    <?php endif; ?>
    
    <?= $content ?>
    
    <?php if (isset($pageMetadata['tags'])): ?>
        <div class="tags">
            <strong><?= $translations['tags'] ?>:</strong>
            <?php foreach ($pageMetadata['tags'] as $tag): ?>
                <span class="tag"><?= htmlspecialchars($tag) ?></span>
            <?php endforeach; ?>
        </div>
    <?php endif; ?>
</article>
```

## Creating a Custom List Template

List templates control how directories with subdirectories are displayed.

### Step 1: Create Your Template

```bash
touch custom/templates/list-custom.php
```

### Step 2: Use List Template Variables

All list templates receive:

```php
$items            // Array of subdirectories
$metadata         // Directory metadata
$pageContent      // Optional intro content
$translations     // Translation strings
```

Each item in `$items` has:

```php
[
    'title' => 'Post Title',
    'date' => '2. november 2025',
    'url' => '/blog/2025-11-02-post/',
    'cover' => '/blog/2025-11-02-post/cover.jpg',
    'summary' => 'Brief description',
    'pdf' => '/blog/2025-11-02-post/document.pdf',
    'redirect' => 'https://external-site.com'
]
```

### Example: Timeline Template

```php
<?php if (!empty($pageContent)): ?>
    <div class="page-intro">
        <?= $pageContent ?>
    </div>
<?php endif; ?>

<div class="timeline">
    <?php foreach ($items as $item): ?>
        <article class="timeline-item">
            <time><?= $item['date'] ?></time>
            <h2>
                <a href="<?= $item['url'] ?>"><?= htmlspecialchars($item['title']) ?></a>
            </h2>
            <?php if ($item['summary']): ?>
                <p><?= htmlspecialchars($item['summary']) ?></p>
            <?php endif; ?>
        </article>
    <?php endforeach; ?>
</div>
```

### Step 3: Apply Your Template

Create a `metadata.ini` in the directory:

```ini
page_template = "list-custom"
```

## Template Best Practices

### Always Escape Output

Prevent XSS attacks by escaping user-generated content:

```php
<?= htmlspecialchars($item['title']) ?>
```

### Use Short Echo Tags

FolderWeb uses modern PHP, so short tags are always available:

```php
<?= $variable ?>  // Good
<?php echo $variable; ?>  // Also works, but verbose
```

### Check Before Using

Always check if variables exist:

```php
<?php if (isset($item['cover']) && $item['cover']): ?>
    <img src="<?= $item['cover'] ?>" alt="">
<?php endif; ?>
```

### Leverage CSS Classes

The base template adds dynamic classes to `<body>`:

```php
<body class="section-<?= $dirName ?> page-<?= $pageName ?>">
```

Use these for page-specific styling without JavaScript.

## Advanced: Accessing the Context Object

Templates can access the full context object `$ctx`:

```php
<?php
// Available properties:
$ctx->contentDir       // Path to content directory
$ctx->currentLang      // Current language
$ctx->defaultLang      // Default language
$ctx->availableLangs   // Array of available languages
$ctx->langPrefix       // URL prefix (e.g., "/en" or "")
$ctx->requestPath      // Current request path
$ctx->hasTrailingSlash // Boolean
$ctx->navigation       // Navigation array (computed property)
$ctx->homeLabel        // Site title (computed property)
$ctx->translations     // Translation array (computed property)
?>
```

## Example: Breadcrumb Navigation

Add breadcrumbs to your page template:

```php
<nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="Breadcrumb">
    <ol>
        <li><a href="<?= $ctx->langPrefix ?>/">Home</a></li>
        <?php
        $parts = array_filter(explode('/', trim($ctx->requestPath, '/')));
        $path = '';
        foreach ($parts as $i => $part):
            $path .= '/' . $part;
            $isLast = ($i === count($parts) - 1);
        ?>
            <li<?= $isLast ? ' aria-current="page"' : '' ?>>
                <?php if ($isLast): ?>
                    <?= htmlspecialchars($part) ?>
                <?php else: ?>
                    <a href="<?= $ctx->langPrefix . $path ?>/">
                        <?= htmlspecialchars($part) ?>
                    </a>
                <?php endif; ?>
            </li>
        <?php endforeach; ?>
    </ol>
</nav>
```

## Testing Your Templates

1. Clear your browser cache
2. Reload the page
3. Check browser console for errors
4. Validate HTML with W3C validator

## Reverting Changes

To revert to default templates, simply delete your custom version:

```bash
rm custom/templates/base.php
```

FolderWeb will automatically fall back to the default.

## Related

- [Customizing Styles](custom-styles.md)
- [Template Reference](../reference/templates.md)
- [Metadata Reference](../reference/metadata.md)